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The relationship of recalled adverse parenting styles with schema modes throughout inpatient schema therapy: A clinical sample of patients with complex personality disorders.

Tappel, E. A. J. (2021) The relationship of recalled adverse parenting styles with schema modes throughout inpatient schema therapy: A clinical sample of patients with complex personality disorders.

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Abstract:Background - Personality disorders are complex mental health problems associated with chronic dysfunction in multiple life domains, reduced quality of life, high societal costs, and a 3-15% prevalence rate in the general population. Young hypothesised that the strongest underlying patterns in dysfunctional interpersonal communication, which is associated with personality disorders, arise from the upbringing by the parental family. However, previous research has not explored the influence of adverse parenting styles in context of treatment change. This study includes treatment through schema therapy and the schema mode model, which offer the potential to treat these complex disorders. Aims - This study is a first exploration for correlation between adverse parenting styles and changes in schema modes during inpatient treatment. With the present study focusing on patients with complex personality disorders throughout 12-month inpatient schema therapy. Method – In total 204 patients completed the Young Parenting Inventory for establishing content validity and reliability. Alongside, 76 patients completed the Schema Mode Inventory at pre-treatment and after the duration of 12-month inpatient schema therapy at post-treatment. Results - Exploratory factor analysis of the Young Parenting Inventory resulted in a five-factor model for both paternal and maternal parenting styles, with Cronbach’s alpha reliability values ranging from acceptable to excellent. With exception from the Bully and Attack mode and the Self-Aggrandizer mode, moderate to large effect sizes present changes of modes during inpatient treatment. No significant correlations were found between adverse maternal parenting styles and the schema modes. The Belittling father, Perfectionistic and controlling father, and the Permissive father outcomes at pre-treatment significantly correlate with reduction of the dysfunctional child-, coping-, and parent modes together with the increase of functional modes during treatment. Conclusions - Findings implicate that the reduction of dysfunctional schema modes, and increase of functional schema modes during treatment is related to three adverse paternal styles measured at pre-treatment. The current study is the first to provide validation of the Permissive Father. Hence, a theoretical concept for attachment between therapist and patient is presented, focussing on a restorative therapeutic relationship through fulfilment of emotional core needs. Future research into the underlying working mechanisms for schema therapy is implied, with addition of adverse parenting styles of patients with (complex) personality disorders, and the creation of a questionnaire for therapists to establish a best-fit practice between therapist and patient.
Item Type:Essay (Master)
Faculty:BMS: Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences
Subject:77 psychology
Programme:Psychology MSc (66604)
Link to this item:https://purl.utwente.nl/essays/86044
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